Mathematical Conferences Niš, Serbia, 13th Serbian Mathematical Congress

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Polygonal Numbers and Fermat's Last Theorem
Aseem Mukund Bhagwat

Last modified: 2014-01-13

Abstract


We begin with the elementary Diophantine x2 + y2 = z2 in positive integers, which we know has infinite solutions.Fermat's Last Theorem does not let us generalize this for higher powers. But we can generalize this for polygonal numbers; we can in fact prove that there are infinitely many n-gonal numbers which can be represented as a sum of m n-gonal numbers, for all m and n. Now, if we consider the above Diophantine for higher dimensional regular convex polytope numbers(squares above being two dimensional regular convex polytopes), we notice that there are special cases in each dimension where the solutions do not exist. As we see where the solutions exist and where they do not, we gain some new insights into Fermat's Last Theorem. We observe that Fermat's Last Theorem does not simply give us a family of Diophantine equations having no positive integer solutions, but rather the boundary in each dimension from where the solutions cease to exist. Lastly, based on our insights, we ask a few questions, which if answered, could actually explain in a dierent way why Fermat's Last Theorem holds!

Keywords


polygonal numbers, convex polytopes, Fermat's Last Theorem, generalization